|
The Territorial Force (TF) was the volunteer reserve component of the British Army in existence from 1908 until 1920, when, shortly after the end of the First World War, it was reformed and renamed the Territorial Army, which continues to the present day. The initial impetus for the creation of the Territorial Force came from Joseph Lyons, who also co-founded the eponymous chain of cafes known as the Lyons Corner Houses.〔Tony Mason and Eliza Ried, ''Sport and the Military: The British Armed Forces 1880–1960'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) p.39〕 The government legislation for the creation of the Territorial Force, the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 (7 Edw.7, c.9), was brought in by the Secretary of State for War at the time, Richard Burdon Haldane, which combined and re-organised the old Volunteer Army with the Yeomanry. The TF was formed on 1 April 1908. As part of the same process, remaining units of militia were renamed Special Reserve. The TF was envisaged as a home defence force for service during wartime; units were liable to serve anywhere within the United Kingdom when the force was embodied, but could not be compelled to serve outside the country. However, any member or unit of the force could volunteer to be liable for overseas service - in 1910, when asked to nominate for Imperial Service overseas in the event of mobilisation, less than 10% of the Territorial Force chose to do so. Individual members could also choose to be liable to be called up for service within the United Kingdom even in situations when the force as a whole was not embodied. ==Structure== (詳細はinfantry divisions, and 14 mounted yeomanry brigades. The individual units that made up each division or brigade were administered by County Associations, with the county's lord lieutenant as president. The other members of the association consisted of ''military members'' (chosen from the commanding officers of the units), ''representative members'' (nominated by the county councils and county boroughs in the lieutenancy county) and ''co-opted members'' (often retired military officers). Associations took over any property vested in the volunteers or yeomanry under their administration. The basic building block was the yeomanry regiment or infantry battalion; these numbered 55 regiments of yeomanry, and 207 battalions of territorial infantry. In addition, there were 23 volunteer batteries of the Royal Garrison Artillery, 151 of the Royal Field Artillery, and 14 of the Royal Horse Artillery, as well as volunteer engineer, medical and supply companies. Each regiment or battalion had a Regular Army officer attached as full-time adjutant. Every Territorial battalion of infantry was attached to a Regular Army regiment; for example, the Royal Scots had two regular battalions, the 1st and 2nd, a reserve battalion, the 3rd, and seven Territorial battalions, numbered the 4th through 10th. The original divisions of the Territorial Force were: * East Anglian Division (''comprising units recruited in Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Norfolk, Northamptonshire and Suffolk'') * East Lancashire Division (''comprising units recruited from Cumberland, part of Lancashire and Westmorland'') * Highland Division (''recruited in the cities of Aberdeen and Dundee, the counties of Aberdeenshire, Argyllshire, Banffshire, Buteshire, Caithness, Clackmannanshire, Dunbartonshire, Elginshire, Fife, Forfarshire, Inverness-shire, Kinross-shire, Nairnshire, Renfrewshire, Shetland, Stirlingshire, Sutherland and part of Lanarkshire'') * Home Counties Division (''recruited from Middlesex, Kent, Surrey and Sussex'') * Lowland Division (''recruited from the cities of Edinburgh and Glasgow, Counties of Berwickshire, Dumfriesshire, Haddingtonshire, Kirkcudbrightshire, Linlithgowshire, Midlothian, Peeblesshire, Selkirkshire, Wigtownshire and part of Lanarkshire'') * 1st London Division (''recruited mainly from the City of London and part of the County of London'') * 2nd London Division (''also recruited from part of the County of London'') * North Midland Division (''recruited from Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, Rutland and Staffordshire'') * Northumbrian Division (''recruited primarily from County Durham, Northumberland, East and North Ridings of Yorkshire'') * South Midland Division (''recruited from Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire and Warwickshire'') * West Lancashire Division (''recruited from part of Lancashire, but also Liverpool'') * West Riding Division (''recruited from West Riding of Yorkshire'') * Welsh Division (''recruited from mainly Wales and Monmouthshire, but also Cheshire, Herefordshire and Shropshire'') * Wessex Division (''primarily recruited from Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Hampshire, Somerset, Wiltshire'') The original mounted brigades were: * Eastern Mounted Brigade * Highland Mounted Brigade * London Mounted Brigade * Lowland Mounted Brigade * North Midland Mounted Brigade * Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Mounted Brigade * South Eastern Mounted Brigade * 1st South Midland Mounted Brigade * 2nd South Midland Mounted Brigade * South Wales Mounted Brigade * 1st South Western Mounted Brigade * 2nd South Western Mounted Brigade * Welsh Border Mounted Brigade * Yorkshire Mounted Brigade 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Territorial Force」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|